Which ancient civilization, famous for its democracy, philosophy, and art, reached its peak in Athens during the 5th century BC?

The Congress of Vienna, held in 1814–1815, was convened to redraw the map of Europe after the defeat of which leader?

Which European country was the first to grant women the right to vote in national elections, in 1906?

The assassination of which Austro-Hungarian archduke in Sarajevo in 1914 triggered the outbreak of World War I?

The Berlin Wall, which divided East and West Berlin, fell in which year?

Which medieval trade network of northern European cities dominated commerce in the North and Baltic Seas from the 13th to 17th centuries?

The Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual rebirth of Europe beginning in the 14th century, began in which country?

Which 1648 set of treaties ended the Thirty Years' War and is often considered the foundation of the modern system of nation-states?

Which European country colonized Brazil and much of Africa and Asia, creating one of the most far-reaching maritime empires of the 15th and 16th centuries?

The Iron Curtain, a term popularized by Winston Churchill, referred to the division of Europe between the democratic West and which bloc?